North American Lepidoptera Biodiversity LLC

 

Contributions to a Check List of the Lepidoptera of the Southern Kettle Moraine State Forest in Southeastern Wisconsin

(Macrolepidoptera Families: Thyatiridae, Drepanidae, Geometridae, Epiplemidae, Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Riodinidae, Nymphalidae, Mimallonidae, Lasiocampidae, Apatelodidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Notodontidae, and Noctuidae; also including: Hepialidae, Cossidae, Attevidae, Yponomeutidae, Zygaenidae, Limacodidae, and Thyrididae)

 

By Hugo L. Kons Jr., Robert J. Borth, and Thomas S. Barina

 

Posted on the Web 8 September 2007

 

Most Recent Update: Feb. 2014

 

Note:  While this check list does not contain detailed information for the included species, an upcoming volume of the North American Journal of Lepidoptera Biodiversity will present specific collection localities for the species on this list, phenology data reported for five day intervals for southern Wisconsin, habitat data and analysis, hypotheses of habitat dependency for many of the included species, and other information and analyses.  To receive an e-mail notification when this volume becomes available, contact the senior author at hkonsjr@yahoo.com.  Another future volume is planned for reporting the detailed survey results for individual survey stations on individual nights.

 

Abstract:  We list 759 species of Lepidoptera from the Southern Kettle Moraine State Forest, including 744 species of Macrolepidoptera. 

 

Introduction:  The Southern Kettle Moraine State Forest is located in southeastern Wisconsin in southwestern Waukesha County, southeastern Jefferson County, and northwestern Walworth County.  We conducted surveys at many different sites within the SKM, but no one site has been sampled extensively.  A variety of habitats are present, including: mesic deciduous forest, hydric deciduous forest, xeric oak forest, xeric pine plantation, wet prairie, mesic prairie, xeric sand prairie, sedge meadow, calcareous fen, and old field.  Our survey work has been concentrated between mid July and early August, with more limited survey in early July and mid August-September.  In addition, Borth and Barina did one nocturnal survey in the spring (5 May 1995), and RJB has surveyed for butterflies during May and June.  However, we have no survey data from the Southern Kettle Moraine from October, April, and mid May to June (except for strictly diurnal surveys).  We expect numerous additional species could be recorded from April-June and during October (Xylenini in particular), and some additional species are expected to be present at the times of year we have conducted the most extensive survey work.  Thus, the below check list (what we have documented) is not likely to approach a thorough list of the species in the included Lepidoptera families which occur in the Southern Kettle Moraine. 

            Most of our survey work in the SKM was conducted from 1992-1994, although RJB conducted diurnal surveys prior to this interval, and one nocturnal survey was conducted in early May 1995.  We conducted minimal survey work in the SKM after 1994 due to a change in Department of Natural Resources regulations that eliminated the feasibility of us conducting Lepidoptera surveys on WI state natural areas in compliance with permit conditions.  Many of our SKM study sites were at least partially within state natural areas, and to conduct Lepidoptera research at these sites scientific collecting permits must be obtained through the Wisconsin D.N.R.   

            A substantial portion of our Southern Kettle Moraine survey data was previously included in a variety of unpublished reports distributed to the WI D.N.R. and various land managers and Lepidopterists.  We are in the process of synthesizing the data in these unpublished reports into papers which will be published in future volumes of the North American Journal of Lepidoptera Biodiversity.  We have also added additional species to the SKM list (that were never included in the unpublished reports) from backlog material and specimens which had not yet been reliably identified at the time the unpublished reports were written.

 

Methods:  Our surveys were conducted with MV sheets, UV sheets, UV traps, type P and F bait traps, bait trails, and diurnal collecting with nets and jars.  Follow this link for illustrations and a discussion of these survey methods.  Collections we have examined for additional WI Lepidoptera records include the Milwaukee Public Museum, National Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point collection, the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, and some of the James C. Parkinson collection.  Of these collections, only the Milwaukee Museum was found to contain an additional species from the Southern Kettle Moraine: Phytometra rhodarialis sp. 1.  Kons and Borth most recently visited the MPM in 2006, and we looked through much of the Macrolepidoptera collection but did not get through some of the Noctuidae or any of the Geometridae. 

 

Survey Localities:

 

Bald Bluff [Jefferson County: T5N R16E Sec 33]:  This site contains a xeric prairie opening on top of a hill with mesic deciduous forest.  Fields occur around the base of the hill.  This site has received minor diurnal survey only.

 

Blue Springs Oak Opening [Jefferson County]:  This site contains an oak opening with some prairie elements.  Mesic deciduous forest and xeric oak forest occur in close proximity.  This site has received limited diurnal survey, and one light trap sample was obtained by HLK.

 

Clover Valley Fen State Natural Area [Walworth County: T4N R15E S Sec 22]:  This site is a wetland complex of calcareous fen, sedge meadow, and a small sand bottomed stream.  Calcareous fen vegetation occurs on peat mounds.  This site has received diurnal survey only.

 

Hwy 59 Low Prairie [Waukesha County: T5N R17E Sec 19]:  One UV trap sample was obtained from an area with wet low prairie along the highway.  The area has not been examined in detail, and one of HLK’s UV traps was stolen from this locality.

 

Hwy S [Waukesha Co.]:  Three sites were visited in the vicinity of this highway.

 

Sand Prairie W of Hwy S [T5N R17E Sec 30]:  This site contains open sand prairie and xeric oak forest.  Habitat types in the vicinity include red pine plantation, mesic deciduous forest, sedge meadow, and calcareous fen.  This site has received diurnal and nocturnal survey.

Calcareous fen W. of Highway S [T5N R17E Sec 30]:  This is an overgrown calcareous fen and sedge meadow west of the sand prairie site along the same railroad tracks W. of highway S.  There are areas of mesic deciduous forest in the general vicinity, and the sand prairie site to the east.  This site has received diurnal survey only.

Forest E of Hwy S [T5N R17E Sec 29]:  This site is a mesic deciduous forest.  It has received nocturnal survey only.

 

Hwy Z Site [Waukesha County: T5N R17E Sec 30]:  This site includes an extensive mesic deciduous forest accessed via a horse trail.  We conducted one all night survey here, and limited diurnal survey.

 

Hwy ZZ Field [Waukesha County: T5N R17E NW Sec 3]:  This was a large open field with many blooming thistles bordered by mesic-hydric deciduous forest.  There was no sedge meadow in the immediate vicinity, but curiously, a few sedge meadow associated butterflies (including Poanes viator and Euphyes dion) were found nectaring in the field.  This is one of the few times these species have been collected outside of a sedge meadow or an area immediately on the periphery, but it does indicate that these species do disperse outside of these habitats.  This site was surveyed diurnally once.

 

Kettle Moraine Fen and Low Prairie State Natural Area [Waukesha County: T5N R17E NW Sec 9]:  This site contains a wetland complex with wet-mesic prairie, sedge meadow, calcareous fen, and shrubby wetland.  There is also a higher area with semi xeric oak forest, and WI DNR (2006) reports that small upland islands within the wetland contain dry to mesic prairie.  HLK has walked through much of this site excluding the southwest corner (access was blocked by very dense shrubby growth along a ditch), and found that among the area covered the amount of prairie that might be considered dry is minimal at best.  The nocturnal surveys were limited to the wet prairie/fen/sedge meadow complex north of the access trail.  The prairie south of the oaks bordering this wet area to the west is distinctly more mesic, and has never been investigated for nocturnal species.  On the trail into the SNA are areas with mesic deciduous forest, fields, and overgrown shrubby areas (including on the access path itself).  This SNA was an especially diverse and interesting site for diurnal species within the Kettle Moraine; however, it was a long hike from Highway 67 to get nocturnal survey equipment into the most interesting habitats, and our nocturnal survey was quite limited.

 

Marl Pits [Waukesha County: T6N R17E NW Sec 34]:  This site contains overgrown calcareous fen, sedge meadow, and hydric-mesic deciduous forest.  Parts of this site are treacherous, and HLK sank down to his elbows in the muck on one occasion.  This site has received diurnal survey only.  The site is accessed via the Scuppernong Springs Nature Trail across the road from the Ottowa Lake Campground.

 

Ottowa Lake Campground [Waukesha County: T6N R17E NW Sec 34]:  The campground contains mesic deciduous forest and old field.  Hydric deciduous forest, sedge meadow, and fen occur nearby along the lake.  We have numerous nocturnal survey samples from the campground.

 

Ottowa Lake Fen: The shore of Ottowa Lake contains hydric deciduous forest, sedge meadow, calcareous fen, and emergent aquatic vegetation.  A narrow band of tamarack forest borders hydric hardwood forest in some places.  Part of the wetland area around the lake is a State Natural Area.  We have conducted diurnal surveys and obtained light trap samples.

                                                                                             

Scuppernong Prairie [Waukesha County: T5N R17E Sec 16 & 17]:  This site contains wet-mesic prairie but no dry prairie.  A few species that have primarily been found in xeric prairie have been collected in low numbers in the mesic prairie area.  Calcareous fen and more extensive sedge meadow habitats are also present.  The prairie area is designated as a state natural area.  We have conducted diurnal and nocturnal surveys.

 

Southern Kettle Moraine State Forest Headquarters Trail System [Waukesha County: T5N R17E Sec 19]:  The trail system includes many different habitats, including mesic deciduous forest, sedge meadow, xeric oak forest, pine plantation, and fields.  The same trail eventually reaches the sand prairie along the railroad tracks W. of Highway S.  Other than the sand prairie and adjacent oak forest, survey was strictly diurnal.

 

Whitewater Lake Campground [Walworth County: T4N R15E Sec 35]:  This site contains primarily mesic deciduous forest, but there are also some drier areas with more oak and some juniper.  Some fields are also present.  This site has primarily received nocturnal survey, with some limited diurnal survey.

 

Adjacent Survey Localities

 

Genesee Oak Opening [Waukesha County: T6N R18E Sec 28]:  This and the following site represent different areas within one contiguous state natural area (Genesee Oak Opening and Calcareous fen).  The oak opening site occurs on a hill to the west of the wet prairie/calcareous fen/sedge meadow complex.  The hill contains mesic deciduous forest on the side and bur oak openings with dry prairie vegetation around the summit.  This site has received diurnal survey, and HLK obtained one light trap sample.

 

Genesee Prairie-Fen [Waukesha County: T6N R18E Sec 28]:  This site contains a complex of wet prairie, calcareous fen, sedge meadow, shrubby wetlands, and open marsh.  It is bordered by open fields and/or dense shrubby areas, in addition to the hill on the west side noted above.  This site has received diurnal and nocturnal survey.

 

Lulu Lake State Natural Area [Walworth County]:  The area where most of our survey data comes from is the area adjacent to Nature Road [T4N R17E SW Sec 2 & SE Sec 3], which includes extensive calcareous fen and sedge meadow and a small strip of wet prairie along the edge of an area of hydric-mesic deciduous forest.  This area has been surveyed diurnally and with light traps

There is also a gated road with a caretakers residence in a different part of the preserve near Lulu Lake, and that road leads back to additional areas of calcareous fen, sedge meadow, and hydric-mesic deciduous forest in the vicinity of the lake [T4N R17E W Sec 2].  Nocturnal survey at this site was limited to one light trap on one night, but the records of Orthonama evansi and Archanara subflava are from these wetlands.  The property accessed from the gated road also includes some uplands with xeric oak forest and some xeric prairie vegetation, which received limited diurnal but no nocturnal survey.  A small bog and tamarack forest are also present, but this area is difficult to access and was visited only once during the day under cloudy conditions.

           

Voucher Specimens:  Voucher specimens of each species we have documented from the Southern Kettle Moraine State Forest are currently housed in the personal research collections of one or more of the authors.  We have also made substantial donations of Southern Kettle Moraine material to the Milwaukee Public Museum.  The senior author has identified or verified specimens of all of the species we list from the Southern Kettle Moraine with the exception of some Eupithecia (determined by George Balogh). 

 

Classification:  The classification primarily follows the Hodges et al. (1983) check list with the exception of Nymphalidae (concept of Harvey 1991) and Noctuidae, incorporating information from Poole (1995), Mitchell et al. (2006), and Zahiri et al. (2011, 2012a, 2012b, 2013).  For a more detailed discussion of adopted changes in classification from the Hodges et al. (1983) check list, see the Classification section of the Kons, Borth, and Barina Check List of Wisconsin Macrolepidoptera.  For those species listed in Hodges et al. (1983), I include the original check list number, which serves as a citation for the describing author and year of description. 

 

Results:  We have collected or examined at least 759 species of Lepidoptera from the Southern Kettle Moraine State Forest, including 744 species of Macrolepidoptera.  All but one of these species were collected by the authors during our surveys of the Southern Kettle Moraine State Forest,  Phytometra rhodarialis complex species 1, which we added from the Milwaukee Public Museum collection.  We also list nine additional species we collected at the adjacent sites of Lulu Lake State Natural Area and Genesee State Natural Area, but we do not include these species in the species totals for the state forest. 

 

Discussion:  All of the species on the below list were collected in the SKM between 1992 and early May of 1995 (inclusive) with the following exceptions.  Pyrgus communis, Papilio cresephontes, Zerene cessonia, Libytheana carninenta, and Euptoieta claudia are ephemeral migrants rather than resident species, and were recorded from the SKM prior to 1992.  Erynnis juvenalis, E. brizo, E. icelus, and G. lygdamus are early spring species RJB recorded from the SKM prior to 1992, and we did not conduct any diurnal surveys at the right time of year to find these species from 1992-1995.  Calephelis muticum is a species which historically occurred in the SKM but was not found during surveys from 1992-1993.  This species requires early successional fen habitats, and appears to be very vulnerable to plant community succession.  Erinnyis ello, Catocala innubens, Catocala insolabilis, and Catocala residua were recorded in 2008.

            The SKM Macrolepidoptera species list contains about 53.6% of the verified species listed in the Kons, Borth, and Barina Check List of Wisconsin Macrolepidoptera, or 51.0% of WI Macrolepidoptera species if I include literature records which I have not verified.  We predict the true Macrolepidoptera diversity of the SKM is considerably higher, given the huge gaps in our seasonal coverage.

            An upcoming NAJLB Volume on Wisconsin Lepidoptera by Kons, Borth, and Barina, includes analyses and preliminary lists of Wisconsin Macrolepidoptera species hypothesized to be dependent on particular habitat types, such as barrens/dry prairie, wetlands, and hickory forest.  The SKM Macrolepidoptera fauna includes numerous species hypothesized to be habitat specialists, including sedge meadow dependent species, hydric hardwood forest dependent species, hickory forest dependent species, and some species potentially dependent on barrens or dry prairie.

            The SKM contain areas of xeric sand prairie and wet-mesic prairie, and a number of species potentially dependent on prairies or prairies/barrens in WI were recorded.  Species potentially dependent on particular types of prairies are designated WP (for wet prairie), MP (for mesic prairie), DP (for dry prairie), or OA (for xeric sandy oak openings or barrens). Potentially prairie or prairie/barrens dependent species recorded in the SKM include: Erynnis brizo (OA), Oarisma powesheik (MP-WP), Euchloe olympia (OA), Glaucospyche lygdamus (OA), Cicinnus melsheimeri (OA), Hypoprepia miniata (OA & DP), Phytometra ernestinana (MP-DP & OA), Catocala amestris (DP & OA with Amorpha canescens, also wetlands with Amorpha fruticosa), Tarachidia binocula (MP-DP & OA), Tarachidia tortricina (MP-DP), Schinia lucens (DP & OA with Amorpha canescens), Hydraecia immanis (WP, MP, & DP) Papaipema silphii (WP), Papaipema beeriana (WP), Papaipema sciata (WP), Papaipema nelita sp. 1 (WP), Papaipema nr. unimoda (WP), Tricholita notata (WP, MP, & DP), and Trichosilia geniculata (MP-DP & OA).  Erynnis brizo, Euchloe olympia, Glaucospyche lygdamus, Cicinnus melsheimeri, Tarachidia binocula, and Trichosilia geniculata also occur in xeric oak-pine barrens in central and northern Wisconsin, but are potentially dependent on xeric oak openings and/or dry prairie in southern Wisconsin.

            The SKM has extensive wetlands and numerous potentially wetland dependent Lepidoptera were recorded from our surveys.  Species potentially dependent on particular types of wetlands are designated SM (for sedge meadow), CF (for calcareous fen), HF (for hydric hardwood forest), WP (for wet prairie), EM (for emergent wetland), and TS (for Tamarack Swamp).  There are some acid bog habitats in the SKM, but they are difficult to access with nocturnal survey equipment, and they have yet to be sampled.  The potentially wetland dependent species recorded from the SKM include: Sthenopis thule (CF), Scopula cacuminaria, Heterophleps triguttaria (HF),  Ancyloxpha numitor, Oarisma powesheik (WP-MP), Poanes massasoit (SM), Poanes viator (SM), Euphyes dion (SM), Euphyes conspicua (SM), Euphyes bimacula (SM), Hyllolycaena hyllus, Satyrium acadicum, Calephelis muticum (CF), Clossiana selene, Euphydryas phaeton, Satyrodes eurydice (SM), Satyrodes appalachia (HF), Hemileuca maia, Macrochilo absorptalis, Macrochilo bivittata, Phalaenostola hanhami, Hypenodes caducus, Nola cilicoides, Capis curvata, Homophoberia cristata (EM), Plusia putnami (SM), Plusia venusta (SM), Luperina stipata, Eremobina jocasta (SM), Lemmeria digitalis (SM), Chortodes inquinata, Chortodes enervata, Archanara oblonga (SM), Papaipema cataphracta (SM), Papaipema impecuniosa (SM), Papaipema lysimachiae, Papaipema inquaesita, Papaipema rutila, Papaipema nepheleptena (SM), Papaipema silphii (WP), Papaipema maritima, Papaipema eupatori (SM), Papaipema nelita sp. 1 (WP), Papaipema sciata (WP), Papaipema beeriana (WP), Papaipema unimoda, Papaipema nr. unimoda (WP), Bellura nr. obliqua, Bellura densa, Fagitana littera, Epiglaea apiata, Xanthia togata, Hillia iris (SM), Xylotype arcadia, Sutyna sp., Leucania linita (HF), Agrotis gladiaria (HF), and Coenophila opacifrons.

            The SKM contains extensive tracts of southern mesic hardwood forest as well as some hydric hardwood forest.  Shagbark hickory, Carya ovata, is prevalent and serves as the larval host for numerous hardwood forest dependent species.  Carya cordiformis is also present in some areas.  Some examples of species potentially dependent on hardwood forest in the SKM include:  Satyrium caryaevorum, Psaphida electilis, and numerous hickory feeding Catocala, including Catocala epione, C. habilis, C. serena, C. judith, C. obscura, C. residua, C. retecta, C. insolabilis, C. vidua, and C. palaeogama.

 

Acknowledgments:  Numerous individuals provided important assistance or cooperation with our Southern Kettle Moraine Lepidoptera research.  The senior author is especially grateful to his parents, Hugo & Sharon Kons Sr., for much support of his research activities over many years.  The senior author also thanks the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point and the American Entomological Institute for lab space and infrastructural support.  Robert J. Borth gives special acknowledgment to Congressman Steve Kagen for financial support, equipment, and encouragement.  For granting permission to collect in restricted areas we thank Ron Kurowski and Paul Matthiae (Wisconsin State Natural Areas).  In addition, Karen Agee of the WI DNR assisted with landowner and land manager contacts and authorizations for Kons’ southeast WI research in 1993.  George Balogh examined some of our Geometrid specimens from the Southern Kettle Moraine and was instrumental in helping us start our research collections for this family.  George Balogh also determined the specimens for most of our Eupithecia.  For assisting with the accurate identification of some specimens we also thank Douglas Ferguson, Mogens Nielson, and Eric Quinter.  For facilitating access to museum collections we thank Donald Harvey, Patricia Poole, Michael Pogue, and Robert Robbins (National Museum of Natural History) and Su Borkin (Milwaukee Public Museum).  Also, for assistance with acquiring chemicals important to collecting or genitalic dissections, we thank Niklaus Hostettler, Jim Lloyd, Robert Robbins, and David Wahl. 

 

 

Check List of the Lepidoptera of the Southern Kettle Moraine State Forest

 

Species recorded from adjacent areas just outside the Southern Kettle Moraine State Forest appear in orange font, and were not counted for the species totals.

 

Species Total for Included Families    759

 

MACROLEPIDOPTERA               744

 

DREPANOIDEA                                                8

 

THYATIRIDAE                                                  4

6235     Habrosyne scripta        

6236     Habrosyne gloriosa      

6237     Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides          

6240     Euthyatira pudens        

 

DREPANIDAE                                                   4

Drepaninae                                                       3

6251     Drepana arcuata           

6252     Drepana bilineata         

6253     Eudeilinia herminiata     

Oretinae                                                           1

6255     Oreta rosea      

 

GEOMETROIDEA                                             110

 

GEOMETRIDAE                                                109

 

Ennominae                                                      66

6270     Proitame virginalis        

6273     Itame pustularia

6278     Itame evagaria  

6303     Itame subcessaria        

6326     Semiothisa aemulataria 

6331     Semiothisa promiscuata           

6340     Semiothisa minorata     

6431.1  Semiothisa masquerata

6342     Semiothisa bisignata    

6347     Semiothisa pinistrobata

6350     Semiothisa submarmorata        

6362     Semiothisa continuata  

6386     Semiothisa ocellinata    

6397     Semiothisa mellistrigata

6405     Semiothisa gnophosaria           

6486     Tornos scolopacinarius 

6570     Aethalura intertexta       

6583     Iridopsis ephyraria        

6584     Iridopsis humaria          

6588     Iridopsis larvaria           

6590     Anavitrinelia pampinaria

6597     Ectropis crepuscularia  

6598     Protoboarmia porcelaria           

6599     Epimecis hortaria         

6620     Melanolophia canadaria

6621     Melanolophia signataria

6640     Biston betularia

6654     Hypagyrtis unipunctata 

6658     Phigalia titea    

6667     Lomographa vestaliata 

6668     Lomographa glomeraria

6677     Cabera erythemaria       

6678     Cabera variolaria          

6693     Apodrepanulatrix liberaria        [Genesee Prairie-Fen, Waukesha County]        

6720     Lytrosis unitaria

6724     Euchlaena serrata         

6726     Euchlaena obtusaria     

6728     Euchlaena effecta        

6729     Euchlaena johnsonaria  

6734     Euchlaena marginaria    

6735     Euchlaena pectinaria     

6739     Euchlaena irraria           

6740     Xanthotype urticaria      

6743     Xanthotype sospeta     

6753     Pero honestaria

6754     Pero hubneraria

6755     Pero morrisonaria         

6763     Nacophora quernaria    

6796     Campaea perlata          

6797     Ennomos magnaria      

6798     Ennomos subsignaria   

6819     Metanema inatomaria    

6820     Metanema determiniata 

6835     Cepphis armataria        

6837     Probole alienaria          

6839.1  Probole nyssaria          

6842     Plagodis phlogosaria   

6843     Plagodis fervidaria       

6885     Besma quercivoraria     

6888     Lambdina fiscellaria      

6912     Sicya macularia

6941     Eusarca confusaria       

6963     Tetracis crocallata        

6965     Eugonobapta nivosaria 

6974     Patalene olyzonaria      

6982     Prochoerodes lineola    

7009     Nematocampa resistaria

           

Geometrinae                                                    3

7053     Dichorda iridaria           

7058     Synchlora aerata          

7071     Chlorochlamys chloroleucaria    

 

Sterrhinae                                                        12

7097     Lobocleta plemyraria    

7114     Idaea demissaria          

7120     Idaea violacearia          

7132     Pleuroprucha insulsaria 

7136     Cyclophora packardi    

7139     Cyclophora pendulinaria           

7140     Cyclophora nanaria       

7146     Haematopis grataria     

7147     Timandra amaturaria     

7157     Scopula cacuminaria    

7159     Scopula limboundata    

7169     Scopula inductata        

 

Larentiinae                                                       28

7189     Dysstroma hersiliata     

7196     Eulithis diversilineata    

7197     Eulithis gracilineata       

7201     Eulithis testata 

7203     Eulithis molliculata        

7205     Eulithis flavibrunneata   

7237     Hydriomena transfigurata          

7290     Coryphista meadii        

7292     Hydria prunivorata        

7388     Xanthorhoe ferrugata    

7390     Xanthorhoe lacustrata   

7394     Epirrhoe alternata         

7399     Euphyia intermediata    

7414     Orthonama obstipata    

7415     Orthonama evansi                                [Lulu Lake SNA, Walworth County]                                          

7416     Orthonama centrostrigaria         

7419     Hydrelia lucata 

7440     Eubaphe mendica        

7445     Horisme intestinata       

7474     Eupithecia miserulata    

7491     Eupithecia fletcherata   

7528     Eupithecia assimilata    

7529     Eupithecia absinthiata   

7530     Eupithecia swettii         

7635     Acasis viridata 

7640     Lobophora nivigerata    

7645     Heterophleps refusaria  

7647     Heterophleps triguttaria 

7648     Dyspteris abortivaria    

 

EPIPLEMIDAE                                                  1

7653     Calledapteryx dryopterata         

 

RHOPALOCERA                                               78

 

HESPERIIDAE                                                  28

 

Pyrginae                                                          8

3870     Epargyreus clarus        

3909     Thorybes bathyllus       

3910     Thorybes pylades         

3945     Erynnis icelus   

3946     Erynnis brizo    

3947     Erynnis juvenalis          

3966     Pyrgus communis        

3977     Pholisora catullus         

 

Hesperiinae                                          20

3993     Nastra lherminier                       

4004     Ancyloxpha numitor      

4006     Oarisma powesheik      

4012     Thymelicus lineola        

4013     Hylephila phyleus         

4036     Polites coras    

4041     Polites themistocles     

4042     Polites origenes           

4043     Polites mystic  

4047     Wallengrenia egeremet  

4048     Pompeius verna           

4049     Atalopedes campestris

4051     Atrytone logan 

4058     Poanes massasoit        

4059     Poanes hobomok         

4064     Poanes viator   

4072     Euphyes dion   

4075     Euphyes conspicua      

4077     Euphyes bimacula        

4078     Euphyes vestris           

 

PAPILIONOIDEA                                              50

 

PAPLIONIDAE                                                  3

4159     Papilio polyxenus         

4170     Papilio cresephontes    

4176     Papilio glaucus

 

PIERIDAE                                                         6

4193     Pontia protodice          

4195     Pieris napi                                           [Lulu Lake SNA, Walworth Co.]

4197     Pieris rapae      

4209     Colias philodice           

4210     Colias eurytheme          

4224     Zerene cessonia           

4237     Eurema lisa      

 

LYCAENIDAE                                                   14

4249     Feniseca tarquinius       

4251     Lycaena phlaeas          

4256     Hyllolycaena hyllus       

4262     Epidemia helloides       

4285     Satyrium liparops         

4282     Satyrium calanus          

4281     Satyrium edwardsii       

4283     Satyrium caryaevorum  

4275     Satyrium titus   

4278     Satyrium acadicum       

4336     Strymon melinus          

4361     Everes comyntas         

            Celastrina ladon [complex]        

4372     Glaucopsyche lygdamus

           

RIODINIDAE                                                     1

4391     Calephelis muticum      

 

NYMPHALIDAE                                                26

4411     Libytheana carinenta     

4420     Polygonia interrogationis          

4421     Polygonia comma        

4429     Polygonia progne         

4430     Nymphalis vau-album   

4432     Nymphalis antiopa        

4433     Aglais milberti  

4434     Vanessa virginiensis     

4435     Vanessa cardui

4437     Vanessa atlanta

4440     Junonia coenia 

4447     Euptoieta claudia         

4450     Speyeria cybele           

4451     Speyeria aphrodite       

4464     Clossiana selene          

4465     Clossiana bellona         

4481     Phyciodes tharos         

4516     Euphydryas phaeton    

4522     Basilarchia arthemis      

4523     Basilarchia archippus    

4568.1  Enodia anthedon          

4568.3  Satyrodes eurydice      

4569     Satyrodes appalachia   

4578     Megisto cymela

4587     Cercyonis pegala         

4614     Danaus plexippus

           

MIMALLONOIDEA                                            2

 

MIMALLONIDAE                                               2

7659     Lacosoma chiridota      

7662     Cicinnus melsheimeri    

 

LASIOCAMPOIDEA                                          5

 

LASIOCAMPIDAE                                             5

Macromphaliinae                                             2

7670     Tolype velleda  

7673     Tolype laricis    

Gastropachinae                                                1

7687     Phyllodesma americana

Lasiocampinae                                                 2

7698     Malacosoma disstria    

7701     Malacosoma americanum

           

BOMBYCOIDEA                                          30

 

APATELODIDAE                                               1

7663     Apatelodes torrefacta   

 

SATURNIIDAE                                                  8

Citheroniinae                                                   3

7704     Eacles imperialis          

7715     Dryocampa rubicunda  

7716     Anisota stigma 

Hemileucinae                                                   2

7730     Hemileuca maia

7746     Automeris io    

Saturniinae                                                      3

7757     Antheraea polyphemus 

7758     Actias luna       

7764     Callosamia promethea  

 

SPHINGIDAE                                                    21

 

Sphinginae                                                      11

7775     Manduca sexta 

7776     Manduca quinquemaculata        

7787     Ceratomia undulosa      

7796     Sphinx eremitus           

7809     Sphinx kalmiae 

7821     Smerinthus jamaicensis

7822     Smerinthus cerisyi        

7824     Paonias excaecatus     

7825     Paonias myops

7827     Lathoe juglandis           

7828     Pachysphinx modesta

           

Macroglossinae                                                10

7834     Erinnyis ello                  [New Addition, 2008]

7853     Hemaris thysbe

7855     Hemaris diffinis

7859     Eumorpha pandorus     

7861     Eumorpha achemon     

7871     Deidamia inscripta        

7873     Amphion floridensis     

7885     Darapsa myron

7886     Darapsa pholus

7894     Hyles lineata    

 

NOCTUOIDEA                                                   511

 

NOTODONTIDAE                                              35

7895     Clostera albosigma

7896     Clostera inclusa sp. 1               

7898     Clostera strigosa          

7901     Clostera apicalis           

7902     Datana ministra

7903     Datana angusii 

7904     Datana drexelii 

7906     Datana contractata       

7907     Datana integerrima       

7908     Datana perspicua         

7915     Nadata gibbosa           

7917     Hyperaeschra georgica 

7920     Peridea angulosa         

7922     Pheosia rimosa

7924     Odontosia elegans       

7929     Nerice bidentata           

7930     Ellida caniplaga

7931     Gluphisia septentrionis 

7936     Furcula borealis

7937     Furcula cinerea 

7939     Furcula occidentalis      

7941     Furcula modesta          

7951     Symmerista albifrons    

7952     Symmerista canicosta  

7957     Dasylophia anguina      

7975     Macrurocampa marthesia          

7983     Heterocampa obliqua   

7994     Heterocampa guttivitta

7995     Heterocampa biundata  

7999     Lochmaeus bilineata     

8005     Schizura ipomoeae       

8007     Schizura unicornis        

8010     Schizura concinna        

8011     Schizura leptinoides     

8017     Oligocentria lignicolor   

 

NOCTUIDAE                                                     476

 

Herminiinae                                                     35

8322     Idia americalis  

8323     Idia aemula      

8323.1  Idia concisa     

8326     Idia rotundalis  

8327     Idia forbesi      

8328     Idia julia           

8329     Idia diminuendis           

8330     Idia scobialis    

8334     Idia lubricalis    

8338     Phalaenophana pyramusalis      

8345     Zanclognatha laevigata 

8349     Zanclognatha protumnusalis     

8349.1  Zanclognatha dentata (=nr. protumnusalis of previous versions) 

8351     Zanclognatha cruralis cpx. sp A

8352     Zanclognatha marcidilinea (formerly jacchusalis)

8353     Zanclognatha ochreipennis       

8357     Macrochilo absorptalis 

8357.1  Macrochilo hypocritialis Fgn.    

8358     Macrochilo litophora     

8359     Macrochilo bivittata      

8360     Macrochilo orciferalis   

8361     Macrochilo louisiana     

8362     Phalaenostola metonalis           

8363     Phalaenostola eumelusalis        

8364     Phalaenostola larentioides        

8365     Phalaenostola hanhami 

8370     Bleptina caradrinalis     

8378     Renia salusalis 

8379     Renia factiosalis           

8381     Renia discoloralis         

8384.1  Renia flavipunctalis      

8393     Lascoria ambigualis      

8397     Palthis angulalis           

8398     Palthis asopialis           

8401     Redectes vitrea

 

Rivulinae                                                          1

8404     Rivula propinqualis

           

Subfamily Unknown                                         1

8411     Colobochyla interpuncta           

 

Hypenodinae                                                    3

8420     Hypenodes caducus     

8421     Hypenodes fractilinea   

            Hypenodes sp. nr. fractilinea

 

Subfamily Unknown                                         4         

8426     Dyspyralis illocata        

8427     Dyspyralis puncticosta 

8430     Parahypenodes quadralis         

8440     Nigetia formosalis        

 

Hypeninae                                                        11

8442     Hypena baltimoralis      

8443     Hypena bijugalis           

8445     Hypena abalienalis       

8446     Hypena deceptalis        

8447     Hypena madefactalis    

8450     Hypena atomaria          

8452     Hypena edictalis           

8455     Hypena eductalis          

8457     Hypena minualis                                  [Genesee Prairie-Fen, Waukesha County]                                            

8461     Hypena humuli 

8465     Hypena scabra 

 

Toxocampinae                                                 1

8466     Tathorhynchus exsiccatus

 

Subfamily Unknown                                         1         

8479     Spargaloma sexpunctata

 

Boletobiinae                                                     4

8480     Phytometra ernestinana

8481     Phytometra rhodarialis sp. 1                                         

8499     Metalectra discalis        

8500     Metalectra quadrisignata

 

Subfamily Unknown                                         1         

8509     Arugisa latiorella           

 

Calpinae                                                           1

8536     Calyptra canadensis

 

Scoliopteryginae                                              1         

8555     Scoliopteryx libatrix      

 

Eulepidotinae                                                   2

8587     Panopoda rufimargo    

8588     Panopoda carneicosta

 

Erebinae (=Catocalinae)                                   52        

8591     Phoberia atomaris        

8592     Cissusa spadix

8689     Zale lunata       

8692     Zale galbanata 

8695     Zale undularis   

8697     Zale minerea    

8713.1  Zale intenta (formerly lunifera)   

8716     Zale unilineata  

8717     Zale horrida      

8719     Euparthenos nubilis      

8721     Allotria elonympha        

8727     Parallelia bistriaris        

8731     Euclidia cuspidea         

8738     Caenurgina crassiuscula           

8739     Caenurgina erechtea     

8745     Mocis texana   

8750     Ptichodis herbarum

8770     Catocala innubens         [New Addition, 2008]    

8773     Catocala epione           

8778     Catocala habilis

8779     Catocala serena           

8781     Catocala judith 

8784     Catocala obscura         

8785     Catocala residua          

8788     Catocala retecta

8791     Catocala insolabilis       [New Addition, 2008]    

8792     Catocala vidua 

8795     Catocala palaeogama

8797     Catocala subnata         

8798     Catocala neogama       

8798.1  Catocala communis

8801     Catocala ilia     

8802     Catocala cerogama      

8803     Catocala relicta

8805     Catocala unijuga           

8806     Catocala parta  

8822     Catocala meskei           

8832     Catocala cara   

8833     Catocala concumbens  

8834     Catocala amatrix          

8844     Catocala amestris         

8851     Catocala coccinata       

8857     Catocala ultronia          

8863     Catocala mira   

8864     Catocala grynea                       

8867     Catocala blandula

8869     Catocala alabamae       

8873     Catocala similis

8876     Catocala micronympha 

8877     Catocala connubialis    

8878     Catocala amica

8878.1  Catocala lineella           

 

Arctiinae                                                          29

8045.1  Crambidia pallida         

8067     Cisthene plumbea         

8089     Hypoprepia miniata      

8090     Hypoprepia fucosa       

8098     Clemensia albata          

8109     Haploa reversa 

8110     Haploa contigua           

8111     Haploa lecontei

8112     Haploa confusa

8121     Holomelina aurantiaca   

8123     Holomelina ferruginosa 

8124     Holomelina immaculata 

8129     Pyrrharctia isabella       

8131     Estigmene acrea          

8134     Spilosoma congrua      

8137     Spilosoma virginica      

8140     Hyphantria cunea          

8156     Phragmatobia fuliginosa           

8157     Phragmatobia lineata    

8169     Apantesis phalerata      

8196     Grammia parthenice      

8197     Grammia virgo 

8199     Grammia arge  

8203     Halysidota tessellaris    

8230     Cycnia tenera   

8231     Cycnia oregonensis      

8238     Euchaetes egle

8262     Ctenucha virginica        

8267     Cisseps fulvicollis

           

Lymantriinae                                                    7

8293     Dasychira dorsipennata

8294     Dasychira vagans         

8296     Dasychira basiflava      

8300     Dasychira cinnamomea 

8302     Dasychira obliquata      

8314     Orgyia definita 

8316     Orgyia leucostigma

 

Euteliinae                                                         3

8955     Marathyssa inficita       

8959     Paectes pygmaea        

8962     Paectes abrostoloides  

 

Risobinae                                                         2

8972     Baileya levitans

8973     Baileya australis

           

Chloephorinae                                                 2

8974     Characoma nilotica       

            Nycteola metaspilella

 

Nolinae                                                                        5

8983     Meganola miniscula      

8983.1  Meganola phylla           

8983.2  Meganola spodia         

8990     Nola cilicoides 

8991     Nola cereella    

 

Bagisarinae                                                      1

9070     Amyna octo     

           

Subfamily Unknown                                         3

9003     Tripudia quadrifera       

9038     Hyperstrotia villificans  

9040     Hyperstrotia secta

 

Eustrotiinae                                                     7         

9046     Lithacodia bellicula       

9047     Lithacodia muscosula   

9048     Lithacodia albidula       

9049     Maliattha synochitis      

9053     Pseudostrotia carneola 

9284     Anterastria teratophora 

9059     Capis curvata   

 

Condicinae                                                       8

9690     Condica videns

9696     Condica vecors

9720     Ogdoconta cinereola    

9056     Homophoberia cristata 

9057     Homophoberia apicosa

9065     Leuconycta diphteroides           

9066     Leuconycta lepidula      

9661     Crambodes talidiformis

 

Plusiinae                                                          15

8881     Abrostola urentis          

8887     Trichoplusia ni  

8889     Ctenoplusia oxygramma           

8890     Pseudoplusia includens

8895     Rachiplusia ou 

8897     Diachrysia balluca        

8898     Allagrapha aerea          

8899     Pseudeva purpurigera   

8907     Megalographa biloba    

8908     Autographa precationis 

8924     Anagrapha falcifera      

8950     Plusia putnami 

            Plusia magnimacula

8952     Plusia contexta

8953     Plusia venusta  

 

Acontiinae                                                        6

9089     Tarachidia binocula       

9090     Tarachidia candefacta   

9095     Tarachidia erastrioides  

9101     Tarachidia tortricina      

9127     Spragueia leo   

9136     Acontia aprica  

 

Amphipyrinae                                                  3         

9638     Amphipyra pyramidoides          

9639     Amphipyra tragopoginis           

9640     Amphipyra glabella

           

Stiriinae                                                           1

9754     Plagiomimicus pityochromus

           

Eriopinae                                                         1

9631     Callopistria mollissima  

 

Psaphidinae                                                     3

10012   Psaphida electilis         

10019   Psaphida resumens      

10021   Copivaleria grotei

           

Heliothinae                                                       12

11068   Helicoverpa zea

11070   Heliothis subflexus       

11071   Heliothis virescens       

11072   Heliothis phloxiphagus 

11072.1 Heliothis ascecias        

11117   Schinia lynx     

11128   Schinia arcigera

11135   Schinia rivulosa

11148   Schinia oleagina           

11149   Schinia trifascia

11164   Schinia florida  

11174   Schinia lucens  

 

Agaristinae                                                       3

9299     Eudryas unio    

9301     Eudryas grata  

9309     Psychomorpha epimenis

           

Pantheinae                                                       2

9185     Colocasia propinquilinea           

9189     Charadra deridens

 

Raphiinae                                                         1         

9193     Raphia frater    

 

Acronictinae                                                     29

9062     Cerma cerintha 

9200     Acronicta americana     

9203     Acronicta dactylina       

9209     Acronicta radcliffei       

9219     Acronicta connecta       

9221     Acronicta funeralis        

9225     Acronicta vinnula          

9226     Acronicta superans       

9229     Acronicta hasta

9235     Acronicta spinigera       

9236     Acronicta morula          

9237     Acronicta interrupta      

9238     Acronicta lobeliae         

9242     Acronicta exilis 

9243     Acronicta ovata

            Acronicta sp. nr. ovata?

9244     Acronicta modica         

9245     Acronicta haesitata       

9246     Acronicta clarescens    

9247     Acronicta tristis

9250     Acronicta inclara           

9251     Acronicta retardata       

9254     Acronicta afflicta          

9257     Acronicta impleta         

9261     Acronicta impressa       

9280     Simyra henrici sp. B     

9281     Agriopodes fallax         

9285     Polygrammate hebraeicum        

9286     Harrisimemna trisignata 

 

Cucullinae                                                        2

10200   Cucullia asteroides       

10202   Cucullia convexipennis 

 

Noctuinae                                                         214

9618     Phosphila turbulenta     

9619     Phosphila miselioides

9329     Apamea cariosa           

9331     Apamea cristata           

9332     Apamea vulgaris          

9333     Apamea lignicolora       

9343     Apamea apamiformis   

9344     Apamea plutonia          

9348     Apamea amputatrix      

9351     Apamea alia     

9367     Apamea dubitans         

9372     Apamea lutosa 

9373     Apamea helva  

9382     Apamea devastator      

9393     Luperina stipata

9398     Eremobina jocasta       

9404     Oligia modica   

9406     Oligia fractilinea           

9408     Oligia exhausta

9413     Oligia tonsa     

9415     Oligia bridghami           

9419     Oligia mactata  

9427     Meropleon diversicolor 

9428     Meropleon ambifusca   

9429     Lemmeria digitalis        

9433     Xylomoia chagnoni       

9434     Spartiniphaga includens

9435     Spartiniphaga inops     

9437     Chortodes inquinata     

9441     Chortodes enervata      

9449     Archanara oblonga       

9450     Archanara subflava      [Lulu Lake SNA, Walworth County]      

9451     Archanara laeta            [Lulu Lake SNA, Walworth County]

9452     Macronoctua onusta     

9453     Celaena reniformis        

9454     Amphipoea velata        

9456     Amphipoea interoceanica          

9457     Amphipoea americana  

9464     Papaipema cerina         

9466     Papaipema cataphracta

9471     Papaipema arctivorens 

9473     Papaipema impecuniosa           

9478     Papaipema leucostigma           

9479     Papaipema lysimachiae

9483     Papaipema inquaesita  

9484     Papaipema rutila          

9485     Papaipema baptisae     

9486     Papaipema birdi           

9490     Papaipema nepheleptena          

9495     Papaipema furcata       

9496     Papaipema nebris        

9497     Papaipema necopina    

9498     Papaipema silphii         

9500     Papaipema maritima     

9501     Papaipema eupatori     

9502     Papaipema nelita          

9503     Papaipema rigida         

9506     Papaipema sciata         

9508     Papaipema beeriana     

9509     Papaipema unimoda

            Papaipema nr. unimoda

9513     Hydraecia immanis       

9520     Achatodes zeae           

9522     Iodopepla u-album       

            Bellura sp. nr. obliqua   

9526     Bellura densa   

9545     Euplexia benesimilis     

9547     Phlogophora periculosa

9549     Enargia decolor

9550     Enargia infumata          

9551     Enargia mephisto         

9555     Ipimorpha pleonectusa 

9556     Chytonix palliatricula     

            Chytonix sensilis cpx sp. 2       

9560     Dypterygia rozmani      

9578     Hyppa xylinoides         

9582     Nedra ramosula

9626     Trachea delicata           

9629     Fagitana littera 

9637.1  Magusa divaricata        

9647     Athetis miranda

9649     Athetis mendosa          

9650     Anorthodes tarda         

9656     Caradrina extima          

9662     Balsa malana   

9664     Balsa labecula  

9665     Spodoptera exigua       

9666     Spodoptera frugiperda 

9669     Spodoptera ornithogalli

9678     Elaphria versicolor        

9684     Elaphria grata   

9688     Galgula partita  

9815     Cosmia calami 

9818     Amolita fessa   

9878     Lithomoia germana       

9887     Lithophane bethunei     

9892     Lithophane disposita    

9893     Lithophane hemina       

9910     Lithophane antennata    

9933     Eupsilia vinulenta         

9933.1  Eupsilia sidus complex 

9935     Eupsilia tristigmata       

9936     Eupsilia morrisoni         

9942     Metaxaglaea inulta        

9947     Epiglaea apiata

9952     Eucirroedia pampina     

9957     Sunira bicolorago         

9961     Anathix ralla     

9962     Anathix puta     

9963     Anathix aggressa                     [Genesee Prairie-Fen, Waukesha County]

9965     Xanthia togata  

9967     Hillia iris           

9989     Sutyna privata  

            Sutyna sp. (profunda?) 

9998     Brachylomia algens      

10033   Catabena lineolata        

10055   Apharetra dentata         

10059   Homohadena badistriga

10067   Adita chionanthi           

10223   Discestra trifolii

10265   Sideridis rosea 

10272   Mamestra curialis         

10276   Polia imbrifera  

10280   Polia purpurissata        

10288   Polia detracta   

10292   Melanchra adjuncta       

10293   Melanchra picta

10295   Melanchra assimilis      

10297   Lacanobia atlantica       

10299   Lacanobia subjuncta     

10301   Spirameter lutra

10304   Trichordestra legitima   

10368   Lacinipolia meditata      

10394   Lacinipolia vicina          

10397   Lacinipolia renigera       

10405   Lacinipolia lorea           

10406   Lacinipolia olivacea      

10431   Faronta diffusa

10434   Faronta rubripennis       

10436   Aletia oxygala  

10438   Pseudaletia unipuncta   

10440   Leucania linita  

10444   Leucania phragmatidicola         

10445   Leucania linda  

10446   Leucania multilinea       

10446.1 Leucania lapidaria         

10447   Leucania commoides    

10449   Leucania insueta           

10456   Leucania adjuta

10461   Leucania ursula

10462   Leucania pseudargyria  

10491   Orthosia alurina

10495   Orthosia hibisci

10501   Crocigrapha normani    

10513   Egira dolosa    

10518   Achatia distincta           

10520   Morrisonia evicta          

10521   Morrisonia confusa       

10291   Morrisonia latex            

10524   Nephelodes minians     

10532   Homorthodes furfurata 

10578   Pseudorthodes vecors 

10585   Orthodes crenulata       

10289   Orthodes goodelli        

10597   Orthodes cynica           

10627   Tricholita signata          

10628   Tricholita notata

10641   Agrotis vetusta 

10648   Agrotis gladiaria           

10651   Agrotis venerabilis        

10663   Agrotis ipsilon  

            Agrotis sp.                               [Lulu Lake SNA, Walworth County]      

10670   Feltia jaculifera 

10674   Feltia subgothica          

10675   Feltia tricosa    

10676   Feltia herilis      

10694   Eucoptocnemis fimbriaris         

10680   Trichosilia geniculata    

10705   Euxoa messoria           

10793   Euxoa scholastica        

10803   Euxoa velleripennis      

10805   Euxoa tessellata           

10807   Euxoa albipennis          

10813   Euxoa medialis

10838   Euxoa detersa  

10851   Euxoa redimicula          

10902   Euagrotis forbesi         

10903   Euagrotis illapsa          

10915   Peridroma saucia         

10891   Ochropleura implecta    

10926   Spaelotis clandestina   

10928   Graphiphora augur        

10929   Eurois occulta  

10942   Xestia c-nigrum

10942.1 Xestia dolosa   

10943   Xestia normaniana        

10944   Xestia smithii   

10968   Xestia badicollis           

10969   Xestia dilucida

10988   Coenophila opacifrons 

10955   Agnorisma badinodis   

10954   Agnorisma bugrai         

            Agnorisma sp. nr. bugrai?         

10950   Pseudohermonassa bicarnea    

10951   Pseudohermonassa tenuicula    

10994   Cerastis tenebrifera      

11000   Anaplectoides prasina  

11001   Anaplectoides pressus 

11006   Protolampra brunneicollis         

11007   Eueretagrotis sigmoides           

11009   Eueretagrotis attenta    

11010   Lycophota phyllophora 

11012   Cryptocala acadiensis  

11012.1 Noctua pronuba           

11029   Abagrotis alternata       

11043   Abagrotis cupida          

11043.1 Abagrotis magnicupida 

11045   Abagrotis anchocelioides

 

Selected “Microlepidoptera” Families 

 

HEPIALIDAE                                                    1

21         Sthenopis thule

 

COSSIDAE                                                       1

2693     Prionoxystus robiniae   

 

ATTEVIDAE                                                      1

2401     Atteva punctella           

 

YPONOMEUTIDAE                                           1

2420     Yponomeuta multipunctella

           

ZYGAENOIDEA                                                            10

 

ZYGAENIDAE                                                   1

4624     Harrisina americana

           

LIMACODIDAE                                                 9

4653     Tortricidia pallida

4665     Lithacodes fasciola      

4667     Apoda y-inversum        

4668     Apoda biguttata           

4671     Prolimacodes badia     

4677     Phobetron pithecium

4681     Isa textula        

4685     Adoneta spinuloides     

4697     Euclea delphini 

 

THYRIDIDAE                                                    1

6077     Thyris sepulchralis        

 

REFERENCES

 

Harvey, Donald J.  1991.  Higher Classification of the Nymphalidae.  Appendix B in The Development and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns by H. F. Nijhout. Smithsonian Institution Press.

Hodges, Ronald W. et. al.  1983.  Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico.  Great Britian, University Press, Cambridge.  284 pp.

Mitchell, Andrew, Charles Mitter, and Jerome C. Regier.  2006.  Systematics and evolution of the cutworm moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): evidence from two protein-coding nuclear genes.  Systematic Entomology, 31: 21-46.

Poole, Robert W.  1995.  Noctuoidea, Noctuidae (part) in Dominick, R. B. et al., The Moths of America North of Mexico, Fasc. 26.1.

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.  2006.  State Natural Areas Program.

 http://www.dnr.wi.gov/org/land/er/sna

Zahiri, Reza, Ian J. Kitching, J. Donald Lafontaine, Marko Mutanen, Lauri Kaila, Jeremy Holloway & Niklas Wahlberg. 2011. A new molecular phylogeny offers hope for a stable family level classification of the Noctuouidea (Lepidoptera). Zoologica Scripta.

Zahiri, Reza, Jeremy Holloway, Ian J. Kitching, J. Donald Lafontaine, Marko Mutanen, & Niklas Wahlberg. 2012a. Molecular phylogenetics of Erebidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Systematic Entomology, 37: 102-124.

Zahiri, Reza, J. Donald Lafontaine, Jeremy Holloway, Ian J. Kitching, B. Christian Schmidt, Lauri Kaila, & Niklas Wahlberg. 2012b. Major lineages of Nolidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea) elucidated by molecular phylogenetics. Cladistics 1 (2012): 1-23.

Zahiri, Reza, J. Donald Lafontaine, Christian Schmidt, Jeremy Holloway, Ian J. Kitching, Marko Mutanen, & Niklas Wahlberg. 2013. Relationships among the basal lineages of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea) based on eight gene regions. Zoologica Scripta.